PEN- PROLAY.
INK- ANANYA.
S.V.O
DEFENATION OF MOTIVATION -
Motivation is an urge , generated by some situations for indivudal to act for some target oriented ares . The action could be reflected in both physical and psychological areas . And as the target or goal is achieved , generally the motivation comes to an end or to the reforming stage .
TYPES OF MOTIVATION -
Most of the Psychologists generally categories the types of Motivation in four stages .
1) Physiological Motivation / Biological Motivation / Organic and Natural Motivation -Actually these are all same in reality . This kind of Motivation generally works with sleep , hunger , respiaration , elemination , sex like physiological or primary level Motivation .
Example - Though all these are technically in above told first categorical mottivation , but still it can be devided into both primary and secondary level motivation .
For the primary level . the hunger , need of rest or sleep could be acting like the motivator to act on specially on those areas , from where they might be satisfied . Like taking food may meet the demand of hunger . Once the food is taken , the feeling of hunger is off .
And next , Sex is also kind of very primary or organic and biological need , that can be a motivating factor . But sex is not in the mandatory list - like hunger , rest or sleep , respiration . So Sex or this kind of physiological demand is cosidered among the secondary level of motivation in the first type of motivation .
2) Social Motivation - Social Motivation is a secondary motivation . As we are rational being or social animal , so to be in a society as a part of it , we need to follow or unfollow some categorical norms or activities . And before we do that , we generally realize about what to do or not . This ability of realization is a kind of Social Motivation , that we gather from our experience related to our society .
Example - Generally to be in a society , we need some identification / affilatation / approval . We can not live alone . So we need a family . So as a part of a family , we have to be caring or responsible for it . So this sense of responsilbilty is a kind of social motivation .
Some people may not have family , but in their working place , generally they maintain the professional relation with others . This manner or activity may also be considered as the activity , formed by social motivation.
3) Personal/ unconscious motivation - Personal motivation is a kind of innate psycological drive that may be geared up with social motivation, achivement, aspiration, curiocity, fear. Personal as may be geared up with social motivation, it has a natural trend to rise and fall along with the social motivation.
Example - If someone targets five hundred rupees/day to earn and if it is done technically the goal is touched and the motivation is closed. On this ground he can not be motivated unless he adds some extra ammount to earn.
Aspiration is a kind of desire. Each of us, likes to be a part of something or somewhere to be identified. So many people join to some NGO, club, affilated programme to be known with others. This is also a kind of motivation.
Curiocity or fear are also motivational factors in this category. Both might be generated from a feeling of inseciority and lack of safety. So very naterally if someone feels them, he would try to recover from them and to be recoverd from them he needs some technic. So the persons mind searches for those technique because of motivation caused by the curiocity or fear.
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION -
There are numberless theories regarding the psycological motivation.
1) Push/ drive theory - This a very common one to make the human being arched consciously about something or else. Suppose if someone feels hunger, at a certain moment his conscious thinking will autometically lead him to get food. So same way a thirsty person is pushed to drink water a normal person needs some rest or sleep for a certain time regularly. This are called the effect of push and drive theory of psycological motivation.
2) Psychoanalytic theory - It was introduced by the, " Father of psycology" dr. Fraued. As per him we the human being generally move between two factors. These are life and death. Here life includes the living and the birth too. So in human life we have two eternal factors. So in between life and death, whatever we do and not that is either to connect or to disconnect this two factors. So in the living periode whatever we do or not, either is motivated or demotivated BY these two factors. So this is called psychoanalytic theory of motivation.
3) Incentive theory - Incentive theory of psycological motivation is acctually an extra push or drive after our alloted ammount.
Example - If someone is trying to score 80% in exam and works hard and in the reasult if he gets that 80% or more then he touches his target. So thus the students are credited and teachers are also credited and books are also credited. This way if the effort and achivement go in a pararal way, it may create a positive psycological motivation for both the student and teacher to do better.
At the same way, if the student is efforting for 80% marks in exam and finally having 60% marks in exam so there is a negetive gap between the effort and achivement. In this situation both the students, teachers and many others might be demotivated. This demotivation may be treated as a negetive incentive theory of psycological motivation.
4) Cognitive or Goal oriented theory - As the process of motivation is highly connected with a categorical goal or aiming point , so in many cases the motivtion process is ended as the goal is achieved . And once the goal is achieved , the person can not motivate himself to next level , unless further dimension is added . This is called Goal oriented or cognitive factor of psychological motivation .
Example - If someone feels hunger and then as per need if the food is taken , so he is not any more hunger . Now after sometime , if that person needs a rest and goes for resting - this is a process. So after taking the food , the person is not anymore motivated with hunger , and rather next time when that person goes for resting - he is now motivated by another goal .
MASLOW'S THEORY - Abraham Maslow in 1943 , introduced his famous " Maslow's hierarchy theory " of Psychological Motivation . This is one of the mostly accepted theory of human psychological motivation as this theory directly deals human's basic need and the way of motivation step by step .
Very technically Maslow's theory works like a pyramid structure . It look like ------
This theory directly indicated between the connection of basic human need and root of psychological motivation . So as per Maslow - the first and foremost need of any human life is Physiological needs like food , water and such items as no one can live without them . And these are the highest priority of any life .
Once someone achieves them , then only the person can move for the next level of demand or need like safety , security etc .
The above two are conidered as the basic needs of human life to motivate . When these are met , then the next level comes as Psychological needs . And in this phrase , the person needs some mental attachment or care , which may be called as belongingness and love .
The next level of motivation is based on " esteemed need " - which directs to a level of confidence, strength, self-belief, personal and social acceptance, and respect from others. These needs are considered as one of the key stages to achieve contentedness or self-actualization .
And finally comes the " Self acctualization theory " of motivation . It is the ultimate stage of psychological growth of an individual. Maslow believed that in order to achieve this state of personal fulfilment .
THANKS .
PROLAYSANKARDEYSVO
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