DREAM AND DESTINY MAY LEAD TO THE NEVERLAND .
ORIGIN OF THE WORD ----NECROPHILIA- PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
NECR – Necr
is a Latin word to indicate the , death , corpse ,dead tissue like elements .
NECRO –
Necro is a Greek word to mean the dead bodies , corpse and dead persons .
PHILIA –
Generally it is a greek word which meant to friendship , tenderness and
affection .It had another form “ Philos” to mean something ,”Loving”. And the
possible origin of this word could be “ Philic” .
The first
usage of this word was found in 1892 by CHADDOK in his book “ Morbid attraction
towards the dead” . Actually it was a
translated book of Kraft Ebbing , named , “ PSYCHOPATHIA SEXUALIS( 1864) .
So
Necrophilia is joint word of NECRO + PHILIIA .
In modern
medical terminology ,” NECROPHILIA” is also known as “ NECROPHILISM” ,
“NECROLAGNIA” , “NECROCOITUS” , “NECROCHLESIS” .
As per the “
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF
DISEASES “ , declared by the WHO , “
Necrophilia” is defined as “PARAPHILIA” .
STAGES OF NECROPHILIA WITH TYPICAL APPROACHES
LEVEL 1 = They act in role
play mode as if their partner is dead during the sexual activities and
they get aroused with the dead
bodies .
LEVEL 2= In this stage , people mostly act like a
typical romantic necrophilia affected one . Generally they are so much attached
with their lost and dead partners , they try to drive on other’s corpse or dead
body physically and imagine their own
partner .
LEVEL 3 = Necrophilia with
fantasy . This kind of people are highly imaginative on dead bodies as per
situation . But generally they do not physically interact with dead bodies .
LEVEL 4= Some
people are highly aroused with the touch of dead body . Sometimes , they
intentionally touch the body part of dead body and feel the sexual pleasure .
That’s all . They generally never make inter course with dead one . This kind
of people are called “ TACTILE NECROPHILIAC “ .
LEVEL 5 = Some people are more
desperate about their sexual drive . They generally remove the various part
like dress , cover etc and even organ to feel the pleasure without any physical
intercourse .
LEVEL 6 = There are
more types of people , who might be belonging to the next level . These people
mutilate a dead body to grow the urge of masturbation . And that is all . They
are fancy of mutilation and masturbation only – not in any physical intercourse
with dead bodies .
LEVEL 7 = Some
people generally are not with
necrophilia . But along with some
special situation , they do not hesitate to get sexual pleasure from Dead
bodies . They are called opportunistic necrophiliac .
LEVEL 8 = Some people very casually prefer the dead
bodies for making sexual intercourse .
They are regular necrophiliac .
LEVEL 9 = Some people are more desperate to have their
sexual desire . They do not wait for any dead body for sexual activities . They
target someone , make planning and then murder the person . They kill the
targeted person to make the sexual activities without any kind of resistance .
These people are
called , “ HOMICIDAL NECROPHILIAC “.
LEVEL 10 = Some people are highly typical . Due to some
reasons , these people never feel the comfortable state with the living one and
they just make sexual intercourse with the dead bodies . These people are
called , “ Exclusive Necrophiliac “.
How does the
motivation work within psychological structure of necrophiliac
The most common motive for necrophiliacs is the possession of a
partner who is unable to resist or reject them. However, in the past,
necrophiliacs have expressed having more than one motive.
The authors reported that of their sample of 34 genuine
necrophiliacs .
·
68% were motivated by
a desire for a non-resisting and non-rejecting partner .
·
21% were motivated by
a want for a reunion with a lost partner .
·
15% were motivated by
sexual attraction to dead people .
·
15% were motivated by
a desire for comfort or to overcome feelings of isolation .
·
12% were motivated by
a desire to remedy low self-esteem by expressing power over a corpse .
Lesser common motives include:
·
Unavailability of a
living partner
·
Compensation for a
fear of women
·
Belief that sex with a
living woman is a mortal sin
Need to achieve a feeling of total control over a sexual partner
with a command hallucination Compliance .
Necrophilia is often assumed to be rare, but no data for its
prevalence in the general population exists
Some necrophiliacs only fantasise about the act, without carrying it
out In 1958, Klaf and Brown commented
that, although rarely described.
Necrophiliac may occur more often than is generally
supposed . .
Rosman and Resnick (1989) reviewed 123 cases of necrophilia. The
sample was divided into genuine necrophiliacs, who had a persistent attraction
to corpses, and pseudo-necrophiliacs, who acted out of opportunity, sadism, or
transient interest. Of the total, 92% were male and 8% were female. 57% of the
genuine necrophiliacs had occupational access to corpses, with morgue
attendants, hospital orderly, and cemetery employees being the most common
jobs. The researchers theorised that either of the following situations could
be antecedents to them .
BELLOW ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF SOME CATEGORICAL
NECROPHILIACS
·
Category A
(cold/destructive), e.g. Ted Bundy, Jeffrey Dahmer
·
Category B
(cold/preservative), e.g. Gary Ridgway, Dennis Nilsen, Carl Tanzler
·
Category C
(warm/destructive) e.g. Andrei Chikatilo, Joseph Vacher
·
Category D
(warm/preservative) e.g. Robert Yates, Earle Nelson
·
Category E (dabblers)
e.g. Richard Ramirez, Mark Dixie
·
Category F (catathymic — impulsively and explosively lashing out)
·
Category G (exclusive
necromutilophiles) e.g. Robert Napper, Peter Sutcliffe
·
Category H
(sexual cannibals &
vampires) e.g. Albert Fish, Peter Kürten
Dabblers have transitory opportunistic sexual relations with
corpses, but do not prefer them. Catathymic necrophiliacs commit postmortem sex
acts only while in a sudden impulsive state. Exclusive necromutilophiles derive
pleasure purely from mutilating the corpse, while sexual cannibals and
vampires are sexually aroused by eating human body parts. Category A, C, and F
offenders may also cannibalise or drink the blood of their victims .
1.
The necrophiliac
develops poor self judgement .
2.
perhaps due in part to
a significant loss;
(a) They are very fearful of rejection by others and they desire
a sexual partner who is incapable of rejecting them; and/or
(b) They are fearful of the dead, and transform their fear—by
means of reaction formation—into a desire.
3.
They develop an
exciting fantasy of sex with a corpse, sometimes after exposure to a corpse.
·
Performance of a
series of destructive acts
·
Expression of polymorphous perverse sexual desires .
·
Need to perform
limitless sexual activity.
polymorphous perverse ----
NECROPHILIA
Description, Causes and Risk Factors:
Necrophilia can best be described as sexual arousal stimulated
by a dead body. The stimulation can be either in the form of fantasies or
actual physical sexual contact with the corpse in various situation and this
can be exposed in numberless ways .
Legends Herodotus (484 BCE -425 BC approx): Mentioned about
Necrophilia in case of ancient Egypt . And very sadly , among the common list of crime , the rate of this trend was not so low.
"When the wife of a distinguished man dies, or any woman
who happens to be beautiful or well known, her body is not given to the
embalmers immediately, but only after the lapse of three or four days. This is
a precautionary measure to prevent the embalmers from violating her corpse, a
thing which is actually said to have happened in the case of a woman who had
just died."
MANY SPECIALISTS DEFINED NECROPHILIA IN THE BELOW MENTIONED WAY
.
·
Necrophilic homicide,
where a person kills somebody and then has sex with the corpse.
·
A necrophilic fantasy
where the person will have only sexual fantasies with a corpse.
·
Regular necrophilia
where the person uses only the corpse to satisfy his sexual instincts.
Necrophilic homicide is very rare and this sexual disorder is
usually a victimless interest, unlike any other sexual fantasy. It is said that
necrophilia existed during the history itself and was practiced in some
civilization and culture to spiritually communicate with the dead to maintain a
strong bond with them after-life. In some societies (especially central
European societies), the practice was carried out with young, unmarried women
since they believed that they wouldn't find peace unless they had an
intercourse before being buried. Necrophilia is supposed to occur among animals
also.
Some of the main cause for such irregular behavior towards sex
are listed below,
When a person, (usually men) experiences rejection of love by
the opposite sex, every other day, he desires a sexual partner who is incapable
of rejecting him. Alas! He can have such a relationship only with the one that
doesn't beat the rhythm of life.
·
He also fears the dead
and he tries to transform his fear by reaction formation into a desire.
·
He develops an
exciting fantasy of sex with a corpse, sometimes after exposure to a corpse.
·
A research states that
68% of Necrophilics were motivated by a desire for an unrejecting partner, 21%
by a desire for reunion with a lost partner; 15 % by sexual attraction to dead
people, 15 %by a desire for comfort or to overcome feelings of isolation and 12
% by a desire to remedy low self-esteem by expressing power over a corpse. Another
research conducted in England states that some necrophiles tend to choose a
dead mate after failing to create romantic attachments with the living.
Although assumed rare, many have argued that necrophilia may be
more prevalent than statistics imply, given that the act would be carried out
in secret with a victim unable to complain and given the length of time which
the paraphilia has been recognized.
An important study in the area in 1988 by Rosman and Resnick compiled 122 cases of necrophilia, both from the literature and previously unreported cases referred to the investigators by colleagues. A large number of cases in that study is noteworthy.
SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms may include:
·
Inability to relate
with the living.
·
Fascination with foul
odors.
·
Lack of spontaneity.
·
Language that includes
numerous death-related or the excretory system.
·
Appreciation for
machines over people.
·
Insensitivity to a tragedy
involving loss of life.
·
Dry skin.
·
Interest in sickness
and death.
·
Incapacity to laugh.
·
A tendency to smirk.
·
Usually wears dark
colors, while disliking bright ones.
·
A view that the past
is more real than the present.
·
A belief that
resolving conflict needs force or violence.
·
Compartmentalization
of emotion and will.
·
Tends to be bored.
·
Worship of techniques
or devices of destruction.
·
Tends to break and
mutilate small things. Can be expressed more drastically as self-mutilation.
·
Enthralled by
skeletons.
Diagnosis:
The DSM-IV-TVR-CRITERIA for necrophilia are the presence, over a
period of at least six months, of recurrent and intense urges and sexually
arousing fantasies involving corpses which are either acted upon or have been
markedly distressing.
Treatment:
The individual should be assessed for associated psychopathology
and treated accordingly. Treatment for necrophilia would be similar to that
prescribed for most paraphilias: cognitive therapy, use of sex-drive reducing
medications, assistance with improving social and sexual relations, etc.
Background of Necrophilia
Necrophilia has been around for centuries, there are multiple
recollections in literature and all sorts of media of it being associated with
an unspoken evil. An act of evil that no human could or should be engaging
with.
The earliest mention of the practice can be traced to ancient
Egypt. It is believed that corpses of famous men or women who were perceived as
attractive were not embalmed right after their death. The corpse was preserved
for 3-4 days after their passing to prevent embalmers from mutilating or
violating such corpses. However, male corpses were subject to a different
treatment. A ritual involving pseudocopulation was performed to ensure that the
dead men keep their virility.
The practice of Necrophilia was nonetheless present throughout
the world for ages. However, the term was used first in 1850 when Belgian
Physician Joseph Guislain delivered a lecture about a contemporary necrophiliac Francois Bertrand. The term can
be literally interpreted to mean fondness of dead/corpses.
Presence in Societies
The act is thus prominent throughout history but not often
discussed. The primary reason for this can be attributed to the fact that Sex was a taboo or sin in ancient times. Perceived
as an act of evil, sex was an act committed by sinning. Even as the society
outgrew its old thinking, the ICK factor
made it an uncomfortable or unpleasing topic of discussion. Under such
circumstances when a dead body is involved, society in general while addressing
the issues steered clear of it.
Perpetrators
One of the most persistent problems throughout the history of
necrophilia has been the fact that it is one of the most least observed and
studied forms of sexual deviation. Perpetrators are not easily caught and most
necrophiliacs never even engage in any such acts. Throughout history,
embalmers, morticians, murderers, and soldiers have been convicted or known to
have committed or engaged in the act. The requirements for such an activity are
bizarre nonetheless. Places with good access to dead bodies are no doubt a
hotspot for necrophiliacs. Grave–robbing is another activity that can
potentially be a result of necrophilia. Most perpetrators are either in a
position to commit the act, get away with it, or never engage in such acts.
This is better explained through the classification that is given to persons
affected by necrophilia. In a published report about the same, necrophilia can
be given a ten-tier classification.
Impact on Society
Being is a crime whether expressly or impliedly provided by law
in most countries. It is not a widespread crime and is still a matter of
concern. Ancient Egypt provided us with insight into the rampant practice and
the efforts to stop it. While the discreet and un-intuitive nature of the crime
might be responsible for it, it could be widely underreported. As a matter of
greater concern, the bizarre requirement of a dead person/corpse is only
fulfilled by a few professions. Nonetheless, it is still possible while being
in such professions to engage in necrophilia. While the act is considered as
the degradation of a dead body, it has impacted society psychologically. It has
been reported that police in the UK & US due to perceived stigmatization of
the topic, charge the perpetrator with unrelated criminal charges.
Social Stigma
Necrophilia has affected our thinking in more ways than we can
imagine. The primary reason is the association of the term with Sex. Due to the unpleasant thoughts for people not
into necrophilia, it is considered inherently wrong. Most of the countries have
had a law against it due to the stigma of sin attached to it. Is there a
sociological impact of necrophilia? In some cases, it can be argued it is
harmless. A few US states did not criminalize necrophilia for years due to the
belief that no social harm can be done as a result of intercourse with a
corpse. However, the courts representing the voice of the public mandated the
creation of a law.
The right to preserve your loved one was recognized as a right
and was thus protected. Most public policies and laws are framed on traditional
values of what is right and wrong. Necrophilia globally has been wrong. Even
though it is not reported or even studied that often, it is still a part of our
history that we consider dark and threatening.
Criminal Liability
As a part of the bigger problem, necrophilia and associated acts
could lead to potential sexual crimes and disturbance of law and order. While
it is stated that the majority of necrophiliacs are genuinely interested in
corpses, it is to be argued that those unwilling or unable to access dead
bodies only fantasize about it. While it has been researched and stated that
most necrophiliacs are prompted by the desire to have intercourse with no
resistance and the idea of domination.
There is nothing that proves that necrophiliacs would not resort
to killing living beings or even attempting to engage in non-consensual
intercourse with living beings. Rape, sexual assult , bestiality, all form an
umbrella of sexual offenses that can either lead to necrophilia or necrophilia
might lead to them. Homicidal Necrophiliacs are one
such danger to society and its laws. The sheer deviation from living to the
dead is unpredictable and is thus needlessly classified as a crime. Crimes that
shake public morale and affect people’s daily lives should and do attract
criminal liability.
Rehabilitation
Necrophilia committed by a human being would still mean that
there is an involvement of a living human. This living human can very well be a
normal person affected by their situation and circumstances. Advanced and cognitive rehabilitation and
treatment are recommended for such conditions should one identify them. While
the deviation is still to be cured, the acts and urges can be controlled to be
less criminal in nature.
We should understand that being homosexual at one point attracted paraphilia treatments and was believed to be a mental state that could be altered. However, homosexuality was thus out of reach for such scientists who believed they could cure it. Similarly, necrophilia cannot be cured and only be reduced to help the patient deal with it bett
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